Life thriving on UK's biggest underwater mountains

Anton Dohrn Seamount is a former volcano and stands approximately 1800 m high (taller than Ben Nevis, Snowdon and Scafell Pike!), with its summit sitting approximately 550 m below sea level.

East Rockall Bank is a steep escarpment descending into the Rockall Trough to a depth of approximately 1600 m.

George Bligh Bank extends from approximately 450 m below sea level down to a depth of 1300 m. The Wyville Thomson Ridge is a rocky plateau that forms part of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, running from East Greenland to Scotland.

The top of the ridge sits approximately 300 m below sea level, running down to depths of over 1000 m.

Rosemary Bank Seamount is an extinct volcano that stands approximately 1900 m high, with its summit rising to approximately 500 m below sea level.

The Hebridean Continental Shelf extends to depths of over 2200 m and is home to the Hebrides Terrace Seamount, an ancient volcano that rises to approximately 1000 m below sea level.

 UK seamounts off the west coast of Scotland with the GeoGarage (UKHO charts)

From BBC buy Rebecca Morellz

Life is thriving on the UK's tallest underwater mountains, an expedition has revealed.

Scientists used robotic submersibles to dive more than 2,000m beneath the waves to explore four seamounts off the west coast of Scotland.

 Short video providing information on the Deep Links project.

Video courtesy of the NERC funded Deep Links Project - Plymouth University, Oxford University, JNCC and British Geological Survey.

The footage revealed vast coral reefs, and an array of crustaceans and fish living in the cold, dark waters.
The team also collected thousands of samples, and believe many species may be new to science.
Dr Kerry Howell, a deep sea biologist at Plymouth University, told BBC News: "Lots of people think of the deep sea as being a sort of desert of mud.
"And in fact these mountain structures are far from that - [there are] so many animals, so much life."

Coral gardens stretching for many kilometres blanket the UK's submerged mountains

Image copyright Deep Links

 A lepidion fish was one of many species discovered on the seamounts

Image copyright Deep Links

The Deep Links project team, a collaboration between Plymouth University, the University of Oxford, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the British Geological Survey, spent six weeks at sea onboard the RSS James Cook.
Of the four underwater mountains they explored, the biggest - the Anton Dohrn - stands at 1,700m tall. It would dwarf Ben Nevis, which has a peak of 1,344m - yet it is totally submerged.
The scientists say until now these unique habitats have been little explored.

The animals have to withstand cold, darkness and extreme pressure 

Image copyright Deep Links

Dr Howell explained: "We don't know very much about the underwater mountains off the coast of the UK.
We went there initially in 2005, and that was the first time anyone had taken cameras there. But the footage wasn't great and technology has moved on since then.
"So this time we were able to take really sophisticated robots there with HD film, and get really fantastic quality images."

The team mapped the Anton Dohrn - at 1,700m, the UK's tallest mountain
The seamount is about 45 km wide and is a former volcano that was last active around 40-70 million years ago.
Its summit has since been eroded by waves to give the seamount a flat, fairly uniform top.
Steep slopes extend down the side of the seamount to a moat at around 2400 m deep.
This short video shows you just what the seamount looks like underwater.

 Image copyright Deep Links

 The expedition was carried out aboard the RSS James Cook off the west coast of Scotland

 Image copyright Deep Links

 An ROV controlled from the ship deck was deployed to explore the deep mountains

Image copyright Deep Links

The scientists were able to control the Isis Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) from the deck of the ship, to record video, take photos and scoop up samples as it explored the deep.
They also deployed Autosub 6000, an autonomous robot, to map the mountains.
"You see the sea floor coming out of the gloom, and you don't know what you are going to find," said Dr Michelle Taylor, a deep sea biologist from the University of Oxford.
"This is the first time that anybody has seen this sea mount, has seen the animals that live on this seamount, how they live, what they live on, who lives with them - and that's really exciting."

 The team found huge sponges that were colonised by tiny animals

 Image copyright Deep Links

The team found brightly coloured cold-water coral reefs that stretched for many kilometres.
Some of the species were several metres high, while others were thought to be thousands of years old.
They discovered huge sponge gardens crammed with tiny animals, crustaceans, including deep-sea crabs and shrimps, basket stars, sea anemones, and many fish species, including lepidions and chimaeras, which are related to sharks.
It will take the team many months to analyse all of the footage and carefully examine the specimens they collected.
Even at this stage, they expect there could be many species new to science.

The team found that overall the seamounts were in good condition, with most designated as Marine Protected Areas.
However, the scientists still found signs of human impact, including litter and trawl marks, and they are concerned about how climate change may affect these habitats in the future.
Dr Taylor said: "It's very important to understand what lives in these locations because they might change - and they might change forever."

 Protection is helping species like this cold-water coral covered in sea urchins to thrive

 Image copyright Deep Links

The team say they want to track how seamounts change over time

 Image copyright Deep Links

 Thousands of samples were collected - it will take months to analyse them all 

 Image copyright Deep Links (see YouTube)

Dr Howell added that the reefs were among the best she had ever seen.
"These mountains are British, they are in British waters - and they support such an amazing diversity of life," she told the BBC.
"And the fact the UK has its own coral reefs, people don't appreciate that.
"These reefs are enormous and in really great condition - [they are] so beautiful, so important - and I really hope that people can appreciate what they have on their doorstep."

Links :

• DailyMail : Footage captured by underwater robots reveals what deep-sea life is like more than half a mile beneath the surface