Mark Healey's connection to the ocean

Renowned waterman and big wave surfer Mark Healey

explains his personal connection to the ocean.

Back to a famous April fool hoax : flying penguins

Film maker and writer Terry Jones discovers in 2008 a colony of penguins, which are unlike any other penguins in the world.

A behind the scenes look at how the BBC created the BBC iPlayer trail for April Fools' Day, featuring a colony of flying penguins.

'Scientifically impossible' underwater breathing device raises £580,000 online !

The world's first 'artificial gills' technology for breathing & swimming underwater ?
A possible hoax.

From The Telegraph by Madhumita Murgia

An Indiegogo campaign has managed to raise almost half a million pounds for a device that claims to let you breathe underwater for 45 minutes, despite experts claiming it is scientifically impossible.
 People have donated nearly $850,000 (£595,000) to the device known as Triton in their excitement - despite scientists' belief the invention cannot work in its current form.
Described as the "future of underwater breathing" the artificial gills supposedly help you breathe at a maximum depth of 15ft underwater, for a full 45 minutes.
Instead of the bulky and heavy equipment currently used by divers, at 11 inches the device is the length of a snorkel, and took two years to develop, according to its founders.

A concept published in 2014 by North Korean designer Jeabyun Yeon

How it works

According to the Swedish company behind it, Triton uses a "micro-porous" technology to filter and extract oxygen from water.
This means that the holes of water filter threads are smaller than water molecules, designed to "keep water out and let oxygen in".
"The micro compressor then extracts and stores the oxygen – allowing you to breathe naturally and revel in your underwater freedom," the company added.
"It's not realistic, it's science fiction," Neal Pollock, a research associate at the Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology at Duke University Medical Center, told technology blog TechInsider.
"I would not encourage anyone pulling out a wallet."
According to the project's crowdfunding page, the three co-founders are trained in design, business and marketing, without any particular expertise in physics, physiology or engineering.

Triton claims its oxygen respirator allows you to breathe underwater by utilizing the Artificial gills technology. A fully-charged battery enables 45 minutes of underwater pleasure...

The scientific problems

According to experts, including marine biologist and diver Alistair Dove, the Triton would need to filter roughly 90 litres of water per minute in order to provide enough oxygen for a diver to breathe, requiring a powerful water pump.
As a Reddit user pointed out, using public data, a typical garden hose will pump about 35 litres a minute, so you would need nearly three garden hoses full of water flowing through the device, which would be impossible given its size.
Additionally, according to a schematic diagram of the Triton, there is no water pump at all.
In response to the Telegraph's questions, co-founder and CEO Saeed Khademi said: "We have a regulator that makes Triton deliver enough oxygen to the swimmer, each part has been developed with a water/diving expert."
He did not respond to questions about the lack of a water pump or how this "regulator" works.

The calculations also assume that the Triton is 100 per cent efficient at extracting oxygen from water, which Khademi was unable to confirm to the Telegraph.
Experts have also expressed concerns that this device would require a battery more efficient than anything that currently exists, but Khademi could not confirm this.
He said: "We will release new information later this year when we have the patents on the rest [of the] components on how Triton works."
"Each one [of these issues] individually is almost insurmountable with a unit that small," Pollock said.
This is hardly the first time crowdfunded products fail to live up to the hype.
Voice-activated smartwatch Kreyos failed to even keep time when it eventually shipped, while Toronto-based Tellspec claimed it had made a tiny scanner that could tell you what was in your food, but had to admit its original video was not real.
The Triton may eventually be the device every diving enthusiast has been waiting for when it ships in December 2016 - but perhaps don't rely on it to survive underwater just yet.

Links :

• DigitalTrends : Are these ‘artificial gills’ a diver’s dream or crowdsourced snake oil? 
• DeepSeaNews : Triton not. Dive, or dive not, there is no Triton
• DeeperBlue : Is Triton, The Underwater Breathing Gill, a Scam? 

How fisheries can be the next great environmental success story

 Fishermen separate a variety of fish for trading at the Kota Kinabalu fish market in Sabah, Malaysia, Saturday, March 26, 2016. Kota Kinabalu, formerly known as Jesselton, is the capital city of Sabah, a well known fishing and tourism destination on the East Malaysia.

Joshua Paul/AP

From CSMonitor

A study published Monday by a team of scientists and economists suggests that fishermen can catch more fish and make more money, all while restoring underwater populations worldwide.  

Restoring the world’s fisheries is really a no-brainer, says a new study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
A team of scientists from the University of California - Santa Barbara, the Environmental Defense Fund, and the University of Washington compiled a database of over 4,500 fisheries around the world, and after using various bioeconomic models, the authors found that health and productivity are not mutually exclusive when it comes to the world’s fisheries.
“It is not a tradeoff between the needs of fishermen and the needs of fish,” Douglas Rader, chief oceans scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund and one of the lead authors of the study, tells The Christian Science Monitor in a phone interview Monday.
“To have our fish and eat them too – it’s remarkable.”

“Applying sound management reforms to global fisheries in our dataset could generate annual increases exceeding 16 million metric tons (MMT) in catch, $53 billion in profit, and 619 MMT in biomass relative to business as usual,” the authors explain in their study.
“We also find that, with appropriate reforms, recovery can happen quickly, with the median fishery taking under 10 [years] to reach recovery targets. Our results show that commonsense reforms to fishery management would dramatically improve overall fish abundance while increasing food security and profits.”

 Gaffing a halibut. (Photo: Scott Dickerson/Getty Images)

So what are these commonplace, if not magical, reforms?
Rights-based fishery management (RBFM) optimizes economic value.
In this approach, fishing quotas are set to ensure healthy population levels, and then in turn product prices increase (because of higher quality and demand) and fishing costs decrease (because of a reduced race to fish).
And RBFM is realized through approaches like cooperatives, territorial rights, and individual transferable quotas.
All of these approaches give fishermen secure fishing rights.
Under most current management systems, fisherman practice a ‘race to fish’ competing with one another to catch as many fish as possible, taking fish at a faster rate than they can reproduce.
Some governments have instituted individual quotas, but this creates a tense relationship between fisherman and regulators, and the men and women on the water lack a financial incentive to preserve the overall ecosystem.
“In contrast, in a catch share system (also called a fishing rights system), each fisherman is entitled to a percentage of the total allocated haul,” explains National Geographic’s Brian Clark Howard after his conversation with study author Amanda Leland.
“If the number of fish in the ocean rises, the number that can be caught can quickly be revised. That gives all fishermen an incentive to use best practices and police their own waters, says Leland, so everyone’s piece of the pie gets bigger.”

And this isn’t exactly a new concept, says Rader.
We’ve known the fates of fisheries and fisherman are interconnected, but this study proves that both financial and reproductive success, respectively, are possible.
“It’s been suggested theoretically, but we’ve proven it can be done practically using science,” Rader tells The Monitor.
“Using science as a tool in environmental advocacy when we have a real chance to recover and protect one of the basic life support systems of the planet – that’s incredibly exciting to me.”

But there are definitely obstacles to achieving this solution.
“We need to translate this science into management systems that will work. And there will be short-term costs to achieve this reform. That needs to be dealt with: financing this,” says Rader.
As fishermen pull back to implement the catch share reforms, food prices could rise and fishermen’s profits could fall.
“But we have to recognize that this transition will require new programming of resources, and then within 10 years, you will get your money back.”
Under a fishing rights system, the authors found that simultaneous gains for catch, profit, and biomass are a likely outcome for the majority of stocks and countries: 56 percent of stocks will grow and fishermen in 23 of the top 30 fish-harvesting will see increased profits.
And if the reform efforts are put in place now, the median recovery time would be 10 years and by 2050, “the vast majority (98%) of stocks could be biologically healthy and in a strong position to supply the food and livelihoods on which the world will increasingly rely."

And looking forward, worldwide fisheries seem like a smart investment.
“The upcoming population of the planet will have more people in both 2050 and 2100. We will have much greater food needs than anyone predicted,” Rader tells The Monitor.
“Getting wild fish right will make an essential contribution to closing the world food gap, it is a major down payment in closing the food gap. In fact, it is actually a low-hanging fruit for the problem.”

Links :

• HuffingtonPost :  New Research Offers Much-Needed Hope For Our Oceans
• Gizmodo : We Could Double the Number of Edible Fish in the Ocean by 2050
• TakePart : How to Save Fisheries and Save Jobs Too

The Seas will save us: How an army of ocean farmers are starting an economic revolution

Farming the Sea: why eating kelp is good for you and good for the environment 

from Patrick Mustain

From Medium by Bren Smith

I’m a fisherman who dropped out of high school in 1986 at the age of 14.
Over my lifetime, I’ve spent many nights in jail.
I’m an epileptic.
I’m asthmatic.
I don’t even know how to swim.
This is my story.
It’s a story of ecological redemption.

 Bren Smith's vertical ocean farm in Long Island Sound grows seaweed and shellfish and is designed to restore ecosystems, mitigate climate change, and create blue-green jobs for fishermen.

I’m a fisherman who dropped out of high school in 1986 at the age of 14.
Over my lifetime, I’ve spent many nights in jail.
I’m an epileptic.
I’m asthmatic.
I don’t even know how to swim.
This is my story.
It’s a story of ecological redemption.
I was born and raised in Petty Harbour, Newfoundland, a little fishing village with 14 salt-box houses painted in greens, blues, and reds so that fishermen could find their way home in the fog.
At age 14 I left school and headed out to sea.
I fished the Georges Banks and the Grand Banks for tuna and lobster, then headed to the Bering Sea, where I fished cod and crab.
The trouble was I was working at the height of the industrialization of food.
We were tearing up entire ecosystems with our trawls, chasing fish further and further out to sea into illegal waters.
I personally have thrown tens of thousands of pounds of by-catch back into the sea.
It wasn’t just that we were pillaging.
Most of my fish was going to McDonald’s for their fish sandwiches.
There I was, still a kid, working one of the most unsustainable forms of food production on the planet, producing some of the most unhealthy food on the planet.
But God how I loved that job!
The humility of being in 40-foot seas, the sense of solidarity that comes with being in the belly of a boat with 13 other people working 30-hour shifts, and a sense of meaning and pride in helping to feed my country.
I miss those days so, so much.
But then in the early 1990s the cod stocks crashed back home: thousands of fishermen thrown out of work, boats beached, canneries shuttered.
This situation created a split in the industry: the captains of industry, who wanted to fish the last fish, were thinking 10 years down the road, but there was a younger generation of us thinking 50 years out.
We wanted to make our living on the ocean.
I want to die on my boat one day — that’s my measure of success.
I grew up shooting moose out of my kitchen window.
I never thought climate change had anything to do with my life.
But it does.
From my vantage point, climate change is not an environmental issue at all — it’s an economic issue.
So we all went on a search for sustainability.
I ended up in Northern Canada on an aquaculture farm.
At that point aquaculture was supposed to be the great solution to overfishing, but when I got there I found more of the same, only using new technologies to pollute local waterways with pesticides and pumping fish full of antibiotics.
We used to say that what we were growing was neither fish nor food.
We were running the equivalent of Iowa pig farms at sea.
So I kept searching and ended up on Long Island Sound, where there was a program to attract young fishermen back into the industry by opening up shell-fishing grounds for the first time in 150 years.
I signed up, leased some grounds from the state of New York, and re-made myself as an oysterman.
I did this for seven years.
Then the storms hit.
Hurricane Irene and Hurricane Sandy thrashed the East Coast.
Two years in a row the storms buried 90 percent of my crops in three feet of mud, and 40 percent of my gear was washed away in a sea of death.
At the same time, lobster were being driven northward by warming waters, and acidification was increasing faster than at any other time in 300 million years, killing billions of oyster seed up and down the American coast.

Suddenly I found myself on the front lines of a climate crisis that had arrived 100 years earlier than expected.
For a long time I’d seen climate change only as an environmental issue because environmentalists were always framing it in terms of birds, bears, and bees, but I’m a fisherman.
I kill things for a living.
I grew up shooting moose out of my kitchen window.
I never thought climate change had anything to do with my life.
But it does.
From my vantage point, climate change is not an environmental issue at all — it’s an economic issue.
The same years my farm was wiped out by hurricanes, 83,000 people lost their jobs in New York City because of flooding, many of those in manufacturing.
Unemployment claims doubled in Vermont along the storm’s path, and 80 percent of U.S.
farmland was shriveled by drought, driving up food prices for middle and working class families.
It turns out there will be no jobs on a dead planet.

 Bren Smith is building a blue-green economy that will restore oceans, mitigate climate change and re-invent the fishing profession.

For the past 12 years, Bren has created the world’s first multi-species 3D ocean farms that restore, rather than deplete, the ocean ecosystems.

A lifelong fisherman, his innovative farming model provides fishermen caught in a dying industry with a new role as “climate change farmers” who can help shift the conversation about how we need to save the oceans to a demonstration of how, in fact, the oceans can save us.

Vertical underwater farming

After my farm was destroyed, it was clear to me that I had to adapt because I was facing a serious threat to my livelihood.
I began to re-imagine my occupation and oyster farm.
I began experimenting and exploring new designs and new species.
I lifted my farm off the sea bottom to avoid the impact of storm surges created by hurricanes and started to grow new mixes of restorative species.
Now, after 29 years of working on the oceans, I’ve remade myself as a 3D ocean farmer, growing a mix of seaweeds and shellfish for food, fuel, fertilizer, and feed.
My job has never been to save the seas; it’s to figure out how the seas can save us.
That’s how I got to where I am today.
Now let’s dive in and take a look at the farm and deconstruct why it’s designed the way it is.
Imagine a vertical underwater garden with hurricane-proof anchors on the edges connected by floating horizontal ropes across the surface.
From these lines kelp and Gracilaria and other kinds of seaweeds grow vertically downward next to scallops in hanging nets that look like Japanese lanterns and mussels held in suspension in mesh socks.
Staked below the vertical garden are oysters in cages and then clams buried in the sea floor.

If you look for my farm from ashore, there’s almost nothing to see, which is a good thing.
Our underwater farms have a low aesthetic impact.
That’s important because our oceans are beautiful pristine places, and we want to keep them that way.
Because the farm is vertical, it has a small footprint.
My farm used to be 100 acres; now it’s down to 20 acres, but it produces much more food than before.
If you want “small is beautiful,” here it is.
We want ocean agriculture to tread lightly.
Our 3D farms are designed to address three major challenges: First, to bring to the table a delicious new seafood plate in this era of overfishing and food insecurity; second, to transform fishermen into restorative ocean farmers; and third, to build the foundation for a new blue-green economy that doesn’t recreate the injustices of the old industrial economy.

Eating like fish and transforming an entire workforce

First: food production.
As ocean farmers, we reject aquaculture’s obsession with monoculture, an obsession similar to that of modern land farming.
Our goal is diversity.
It’s a sea-basket approach:We grow two types of seaweeds, four kinds of shellfish, and we harvest salt.
But with over 10,000 edible plants in the ocean, we’ve barely scratched the surface.
We eat only a few species, and we grow basically none in the United States.
We intend to de-sushify seaweed and invent a new native cuisine, not around our industrial palate of salmon and tuna but around the thousands of undiscovered ocean vegetables that are right outside our backdoor.
Native seaweeds contain more vitamin C than orange juice, more calcium than milk, and more protein than soybeans.
It might surprise those of you on the hunt for Omega-3s to learn that many fish do not create these heart-healthy nutrients by themselves — they consume them.
By eating the plants fish eat, we get the same benefits while reducing pressure on fish stocks.
So it’s time that we eat like fish.

We’re working with chefs to cook up kelp noodles with parsnips and bread crumbs in barbeque sauce; green sea butters and cheeses; kelp-based umami-filled bouillons.
Our new ocean dinners are fun, they’re creative, and they’re delicious.
This is our opportunity to rearrange the seafood plate by moving ocean plants and bivalves to the center and wild fish to the edges.
Imagine being a chef in 2015 and discovering that there are thousands of vegetable species you’ve never cooked with.
It’s like discovering corn, arugula, tomatoes, and lettuce for the first time.
As one of my partner chefs — and the former punk-rock drummer — Brooks Headley says, “As a chef it feels frightening, daunting, and exciting all at once.” Ocean greens such as kelp are not small boutique crops.
We can grow incredible amounts of food in small areas: 25 tons of greens and 250,000 shellfish per acre in five months.
If you were to create a network of our ocean farms totaling the size of Washington state, you could feed the planet.
This is zero-input food that requires no fresh water, no fertilizer, no feed, no arid land.
It is hands down the most sustainable food on the planet.
And as the price of fertilizer, water, and feed goes up, zero-input food is going to be the most affordable food on the planet.
The economics of it will drive us to eat ocean greens.
The question is, will it be delicious food or will it be like being force-fed cod liver oil? As farmers, it’s our job to grow this new cuisine, and for chefs it’s their job to make it tasty.

Ocean farming isn’t just about food.
It’s about transforming an entire workforce, transforming fishers into restorative ocean farmers.
My job has never been to save the seas; it’s to figure out how the seas can save us.
I say that because millions of years ago Mother Nature created two technologies designed to mitigate our harm: shellfish and seaweeds.
Oysters filter up to 50 gallons of water a day, pulling nitrogen — the cause of our oceans’ spreading dead zones — from the water column.
Our farmed kelp, called the Sequoia of the sea, soaks up five times more carbon than land based plants.
Seaweeds could be a powerful source of zero-input biofuel; feasibility studies suggest we might produce 2,000 gallons of ethanol per acre — that’s a 30 times higher yield than soybeans and five times more than corn.
According to the Department of Energy, if you were to take a network of our farms equaling half the size of the state of Maine, you could replace all the oil in the United States.
Our farms function as storm-surge protectors, breaking up wave action to reduce the impact of hurricanes and rising tides.
And they serve as artificial reefs, attracting more than 150 species of aquatic life.
Sea horses, striped bass and grey seals come to eat, hide, and thrive on our farms.
My farm used to be a barren patch of ocean, now it’s a flourishing ecosystem.
As fishermen, we’re no longer pillagers, hunting the last fish.
We are a new generation of climate farmers who have joined the fight to restore our planet.
We’re trying to break down the seawalls that separate our land-based and ocean-based food systems.
Even the best land-based farms pollute, sending nitrogen into our waterways, so we use our kelp to capture that nitrogen, turn it into liquid fertilizers, and send it back to organic farmers to grow their wonderful vegetables.
When the nitrogen then runs back into Long Island Sound, we capture it again.
We are also working on new forms of livestock feeds.
For example, there’s exciting — though still preliminary — research that suggests adding algae to diets could reduce methane output in cattle by up to 90 percent.
The idea is to build a bridge between land and sea in order to close the loop between our food systems.
Too often our thinking stops at the water’s edge.
A bridge is needed.

The blue-green economy

Our goal is to build a just foundation for the blue-green economy.
Saving the seas is not enough.
There is 40 percent unemployment in my hometown.
I wouldn’t be doing this work unless it created jobs for my people, unless it opened up new opportunities for the 3 billion folks who depend on our oceans to make a living.
For the first time in generations, we have an opportunity to grow food the right way, provide good middle-class jobs, restore ecosystem, and feed the planet.
Our old economy is crumbling.
I can’t get cell service in half of the country, let alone decent health care or a healthy meal.
The old economy is built on the arrogance of growth at all costs, profiting from pollution, and the refusal to share economic gains with 99 percent of Americans.
But out of the ashes of the old economy, together we are building something new based on new-economy principles of collaboration, community-driven innovation, shared profits, and meeting social needs.
Because ocean agriculture is still in its infancy, we have the unprecedented opportunity to build a model from scratch, to build from the bottom up an economy that works for everyone, not just a few.
We have the opportunity to learn from the mistakes of industrial agriculture and aquaculture.
This is our chance to do food right.
We addressed the first question of farm replication and scale, not by patenting or franchising — those are tools of the old economy — but by open-sourcing our farming model so that anybody with 20 acres and a boat and $30,000 can start his or her own farm.
One of our new farmers is a third-generation lobsterman who was unemployed because climate change had pushed lobsters northward.
We got him up and running, growing and selling the first year.
Among our other farmers are former Alaskan salmon fishermen, an Iraq war veteran, and a Latino family whose ancestors were driven off their farmlands in Mexico.
We replicate and scale by specifically designing our farms to require low capital costs and minimal skills.
We seek simplicity not complexity.
We believe that replication is driven by setting low barriers to entry so that people from all walks of life can grow and prosper with us.
At the same time our farmers receive startup grants, access to free seed, gear donated by Patagonia, and two years of free consulting from GreenWave.
What is most important, we guarantee to purchase 80 percent of their crops for the first five years at triple the market rate.
We intend to create stable and secure markets that give our beginning farmers time to learn the trade and to scale up their farms.
They keep farming because they know they’ll get paid well for what they grow.
Our vision is hundreds of small-scale ocean farms dotting our coastlines, surrounded by conservation zones.
Imagine a Napa valley of ocean merroirs dotting out coastlines.
We envision 3D farms embedded in wind farms, harvesting not only wind but also food, fuel and fertilizers.
We envision using shuttered coal plants — like the one closing in Bridgeport, Conn. — for processing animal feed and salt.
We want to repurpose the fossil-fuel and fishing industries so that they will protect rather than destroy our oceans.

Getting out of the boutique food economy and recreating an industry

The second question is how to build the infrastructure needed to ensure that ocean farmers and communities will reap the rewards of the blue-green economy.
For too long, farmers and fishermen have been caught in the beggar’s game of selling raw commodities while others soak up the profits; too many of us are locked in the boutique food economy, selling as CSAs and at farmers markets, with the majority of us not making an adequate living and having to hold down multiple jobs to make ends meet.
But now, in our unexplored oceans we have a chance to plan ahead and to build an infrastructure in the right way.
One of our new farmers, a 65-year-old fisherman, whose family has fished in Rhode Island for 300 years, put it this way: “The last thing we want to do with 3D farming is re-create the fishing industry.”
We can invent new occupations, shift entire workforces out of the old economy into the new restorative economy.
Instead of repeating history we’re building infrastructure from seed-to-harvest-to-market.
We’re starting nonprofit hatcheries so that our farmers can access low-cost seed.
We’re creating ocean seed banks so that the Monsantos of the world can’t privatize the source of our food and livelihoods.
We cap the price of a sublease at $50 an acre per year so that low-income ocean farmers can access property.
But by “property” we do not mean privatization.
Our farmers don’t own their patch of ocean; they own only the right to grow shellfish and seaweeds there, which means that anyone can boat, fish, or swim on their farms.
I own the process of farming but not the property, and this keeps my farm as shared community space.
We’re also building in levers of community control.
Leases are up for review every five years so that if I’m farming unsustainably, my rights can be revoked.
At the same time, we’re building the country’s first farmer-owned seafood hub, which is not only a place to process, package and ship the raw commodities we raise but also a space to leverage the unique qualities of our seaweeds.
The power of kelp is that it’s not just food; there is a whole range of products we can produce that meet environmental and social needs: organic fertilizers, new livestock feeds, kelp biofuels, and even medicine.
With thousands of yet undiscovered ocean plants, farmers and scientists can join together to discover and grow new forms of medicine.

Pushing injustice off the table

If we provide our communities with the right mix of low-cost, open-source infrastructure, our hub will become an engine for job creation and the basis for inventing new industries.
It will also be an engine for food justice, a place where we embed good jobs, food access, and nutrition into the structure of ocean agriculture.
This means, for example, working with local grassroots groups like CitySeed in New Haven, Conn., to ensure that low-income folks can use food stamps to carry double the value at our Community Supported Fisheries (CSFs) and our Beyond Fish retail store.
It also means using our hub as a hiring hall where local workers can find jobs on our farms, in our startups, and in our kitchens.
If you come to the hub for a job, don’t bring your resumé.
We don’t care if you are a former felon or an undocumented immigrant; we’re going to put you to work.

The final challenge is how to re-arrange the relationships between those of us who produce food and those of us who buy it.
Failure would be to recreate the power dynamics of the old economy.
Just as we need to re-arrange what’s on our dinner plates by moving ocean greens to the center, we need to move farmers, food workers, communities, and protection of the planet to the center of our plate, and push the destructive, unjust old economy off the table.
We’re putting farmers and buyers on equal footing by negotiating with institutions to guarantee forward contracts so that we get paid before we grow, and if our crops fail, then both the farmer and the buyer share the loss.
It’s time for everyone to share the risk in the risky business of growing food in the era of climate change and globalization.
The relationship between farmer and buyer has to go even deeper.
Reformatting the food system is going to be costly.
It’s going to be complex.
Simply using purchasing power will not be enough.
Anchor institutions such as hospitals, universities, wholesalers, and retailers have a new role, a new set of responsibilities in the new economy.
They have a duty to invest aggressively in our farmers, our infrastructure and our communities.
This involves donating a portion of their profits and their endowment to building hatcheries, seafood hubs, logistical and transport systems, incubation, and R&D.
This will mean less profit for the private sector and a lower rate of return for universities.
But it will also mean more value in terms of social and environmental good.
All around us we can see that “business as usual” will not save this planet.
It’s time to divest from the old economy and invest in the new.

The new economy: Rethinking “the politics of no”

Finally, we are insisting that markets reward the positive externalities of our farms.
We’re working in places like Connecticut to include ocean farmers in existing nitrogen trading programs.
New farms are being built in polluted areas like Bridgeport and the Bronx River in order to soak up the nitrogen and carbon, pull out heavy metals, and re-build reefs.
Instead of harvesting food, these farms harvest ecosystem services.
While others pollute, we restore — and as farmers we should be paid for the positive externalities of our work.
In the new economy, markets have to reflect the environmental benefits we provide.
We could set aside the entire world’s oceans, and our ocean ecosystems would still die.
Conservation alone is no longer environmentalism.
In 1979, Jacques Cousteau, the father of ocean conservation, wrote: “We must plant the sea and herd its animals using the ocean as farmers instead of hunters.That is what civilization is all about — farming replacing hunting.”
This dream of Cousteau’s and of Green Wave’s is frightening to some environmentalists.
The idea of hundreds of ocean farms dotting our coastlines and the idea of 3D farms embedded in wind farms are unsettling to many because of the scale.
As a result, the instinct of environmentalists is to do everything they can to protect the oceans from any and all forms of economic development.
They shield themselves with a “politics of no.”
I’m sympathetic to these fears, especially given the history of industrial aquaculture in the 1980s; yet in the era of climate change, it’s an illusion for environmentalists to think they can save our seas by relying on a conservation strategy alone while continuing to ask the oceans to feed our hunger for wild seafood.
Conservation represents its own form of climate-change denial.
We all know it’s real, but the true significance, the implications, the urgency, haven’t sunk in.
Just look at what’s happening on land and sea: rising water temperatures and acidification threatening one out of four marine species with extinction; drought and extreme weather expected to make U.S.
corn prices go up by 140 percent in the next 15 years alone, while agriculture is responsible for one-third to one-half of all carbon emissions and uses 80 percent of the fresh water in some areas, making it the primary cause of droughts, rising food prices, and food insecurity.
If there is one lesson we should learn from the 2015 water wars in California, it’s that our food system is going to be driven out to sea.
Yes, we need marine parks, but we could set aside the entire world’s oceans, and our ocean ecosystems would still die.
Conservation alone is no longer environmentalism.
The climate crisis demands that we use our fears as a catalyst for change.
For the first time in generations, we have an opportunity to grow food the right way, provide good middle-class jobs, restore ecosystem, and feed the planet.
This is the new face of environmentalism.
As our food system gets pushed out to sea, we can come together to block privatization, to protect our commons and to spread the seeds of justice.
We can invent new occupations, shift entire workforces out of the old economy into the new restorative economy.
This is our chance to recruit an army of ocean farmers to grow a new climate cuisine that is both beautiful and hopeful so that all of us can make a living on a living planet.

Links :

• The Scuttlfish : Life in Salt: A Talk with Bren Smith, Owner of Thimble Island Oysters and Long Island Sound’s First Vertical 3D Ocean Farm 
• Kosmos : World Water Day | Bren Smith and Restorative Ocean Farming 
• Scientific American : Move Over, Kale, The New Super Vegetable Comes From The Sea. 

Ocean stories

Ocean Stories Trailer 2016 from greg goggin

100 Stories featuring artists, scientists, film makers, athletes and more

whose lives have been inspired by their love and commitment to the Ocean. 

Nuclear submarine breaking through Arctic ice

Arctic Circle (March 10, 2016) Los Angeles-class submarine  USS Hartford (SSN 768) breaking through several feet of solid ice in order to surface in the Arctic Circle near Ice Camp Sargo during Ice Exercise (ICEX) 2016.
Service members and civilians assigned to Arctic Submarine Lab clear ice from the hatches to allow for surface access
 ICEX is a five-week exercise designed to research, test, and evaluate operational capabilities in the region.
(U.S. Navy video by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Tyler Thompson and Staff Sgt. Edward Eagerton/Released

http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/this-footage-of-a-fast-attack-submarine-breaking-throug-1765813296 

A tribute to USS 571 Nautilus - First nuclear submarine to surface the Arctic Ice (see article)

Links :

• YouTube : USS Alexandria SSN 757 surfaces through the ice near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, March 15, 2007 / USS HAWKBILL (SSN 666) Surfaces Through The Arctic Ice / USS New Hampshire (SSN 778)