Monday, November 15, 2021

Sofar nets a $39M round B to grow its ocean-monitoring autonomous buoy network

Image Credits: Sofar Ocean
 
From Techcrunch by Devin Coldewey

The ocean is vast and mysterious … but rather less so when you have thousands of little autonomous buoys reporting back interesting info to you every day.
That’s just what Sofar Ocean has, and it just raised $39 million to scale up its vision of real-time understanding of the seven seas.

The company operates what it calls an “ocean intelligence platform,” essentially a real-time map of various important oceanic metrics like currents, temperature, weather and so on.
While some of this information is easy enough to get from satellites or the large network of shipping vessels on the water at any given time, the kind of granularity and ground truth you get from having thousands of dedicated observers riding the waves is pretty clear.

If you have data that’s 15 minutes old rather than yesterday’s reading or an estimate by a passing satellite, you can simply make more informed decisions about things like shipping routes, weather predictions (even on land), and of course there are the innumerable scientific applications of such a large amount of data.
 

Understand the ocean like never before.
 
There are, so far, if you will, some unspecified thousands of “Spotters,” as they call them, out there.

“One might argue this number still feels small when you think about the size of the oceans,” said CEO Tim Janssen, but it’s both more than others have accomplished and still not enough.
“We’ve already got all five oceans covered, but now it’s time to kick it into even higher gear to improve the density of this distributed platform for the most powerful sensing capability possible.
That’s why we anticipate rapidly adding many more sensors over the next couple of years to expand the data we collect and get even more accurate ocean insights.”

Sofar and DARPA recently announced a hardware standard called Bristlemouth intended to serve as a reference design for people designing their own ocean-going data collection devices.
The idea is to make the growing autonomous presence in the water as interoperable as possible to avoid the bother of overlapping yet incompatible networks.

The challenges from running a network of thousands of presumably barnacle-encrusted, fish-nibbled, weather-beaten robo-buoys are what you might expect.
Janssen said the Spotters require “minimal maintenance,” having been designed to survive the open ocean for long periods of time.
“We recently had a Spotter that was covered in ice because of harsh weather conditions and once the ice melted months later, it automatically started sharing data again,” he recalled.
If one washes up on shore they help the finder return it to where it needs to be.

The devices report not through manual data offloading or mesh networking (though this is an option) but through the Iridium satellite network — though Janssen said the company is “starting to lean into some of the latest technologies, like Swarm, that are revolutionizing the satellite communication space.” (Swarm, as we’ve followed since its early days, is a low-bandwidth satcom network focused on IoT-type applications rather than consumer internet. SpaceX is in the process of acquiring them.)


Sofar’s interface for showing currents and other ocean conditions.
Image Credits: Sofar


The $39 million round was led by Union Square Ventures and the Foundry Group, both of which expressed (in a press release) the clear need for more data in both present enterprises like shipping and future work like studying climate change.

“What we’re seeing now, especially in light of COP26, is that climate change discussions are finally taking center stage as governments across the globe adjust and plan ahead for more intense hurricanes and storms, rising sea levels and threatened ecosystems like coral reefs,” Janssen explained.
“Any clarity that can be provided regarding these changing weather patterns, currents and temperatures, and sensitive marine ecosystems isn’t just a win for us or our partners; it’s truly a win for each individual on this planet as we all collectively work together to beat the ticking clock.”

While governments think about whether they should do anything, of course, shipping and supply chain management companies are willing to pay for Sofar’s data, in the hopes of better routing, which minimizes fuel use and improves logistics generally.

“Having access to real-time data is going to help reduce uncertainty across all these industries to be more efficient, make better business decisions, and even save fuel to reduce emissions — all to establish a more sustainable and more prepared planet,” Janssen said.
 
Links :

Sunday, November 14, 2021

Wave tank demonstration showing the impact of coastal defences on flood risk

The JBA Trust wave tank shows how different combinations of coastal defences and wave and tide conditions affect the potential for overtopping and flood risk.
 
Over-topping rates can be measured for the following defences and conditions: 
- beach during a storm surge 
- vertical and recurved sea walls
- stepped and sloped revetments
- rock armour
- submerged near-shore breakwater

Saturday, November 13, 2021

Bretagne : with the rythm of lights

During this trip we can recognize for example :
- the beginning: Kerlouan-Brignogan and the small lighthouse of Pontusval.
- 00:22 : the entrance of the bridge of Ploumanac'h and the lighthouse of Mean Ruz.
- 00:32 : The mole of Noires, in Saint-Malo.
- 00:39, the cove of Coz Porz / Ker ar Vir in Trégastel, with in the background the island of Renote, the bay of Sainte-Anne and the castle of Costaérès.
- 00:48: the famous Pointe de Saint-Hernot in Crozon, north of the Bay of Douarnenez.
The beach of the Pointe de Saint-Hernot, in Crozon, on a day with good weather.
The beach the tip of Saint-Hernot, in Crozon, on a day with good weather
- 1:00: the tip of Saint-Mathieu.
- 1:07: the old Perdrix lighthouse, in front of the Ile-Tudy, the entrance of the river of Pont-l'Abbé.
- 1:13 : again the Mean Ruz lighthouse, in Ploumanac'h, with a nice sunrise. Opposite, the Seven Islands.
- 1:18 : the fabulous foreshore of Lilia, just north of Aber Wrac'h, with the Virgin Island and its very high lighthouse in the background.
- 1:36 : hemmed in by sand, the point and the Petit Minou lighthouse, the exit of the Brest Narrows, on the north side.
- 1:45 : the Pointe du Raz, it is no longer presented. You can see the island of Sein in the background on the left.
- 1:52 : again the charming village of Ile-Tudy, with very nice reflections of the pink houses in the water of the river.
- 2:13, the famous Rohan bridge, in Landerneau.
- 2:19, the entrance of the harbor of Le Conquet, with, on the left side, the point and the peninsula of Kermorvan - and their lighthouse.
- 2:47: Ploumanac'h again.
- 2:54, the Trémazan hold (Beg ar Galéti point), the entrance of the Portsall harbor, where waters are often so transparent thwhen arriving there by boat, one has the exalting impression of floating as if in weightlessness. The oil spill of the Amoco Cadiz is now far away, fortunately! A stopover not to be missed.

Friday, November 12, 2021

Normandy village takes a gamble on letting in the rising sea

In Quiberville-sur-Seine, in Normandy, an innovative project proposes to bring the sea inland to combat rising water levels.

From France24 by Cyrielle Cabot

Sea levels are expected to rise a metre by 2100 as a direct consequence of global warming.
This will be a key topic at the UN's COP26 environmental summit, which begins Sunday in Glasgow.
French organisations and communities are already hard at work on finding solutions to the imminent flooding.
The French village of Quiberville-sur-Mer in Normandy has opted for an unconventional approach: letting the sea in instead of building walls to keep it out.

Houses perched on chalk cliffs facing the English Channel overlook waves crashing loudly on a pebble beach.
Fields, crisscrossed by the River Saâne, extend as far as the eye can see in this commune in France’s northern Normandy region.
The small village of Quiberville, with a summer population of 2,400 and barely 550 in winter, bustles with life on a late October morning.
Local residents and tourists are out on the beach, enjoying a beautiful autumn day.
With the sunshine, tourists and rolling fields, it’s easy to forget the sword of Damocles hanging over this small community: the rising sea.
 
Quiberville-sur-Mer with the GeoGarage platform (SHOM nautical raster chart)
 
If global warming continues on its current trajectory, sea levels could rise by as much as one metre by 2100, according to the latest predictions from UN climate experts.
This would profoundly transform the French coastline – and Quiberville is on the front line.

"The town is already at risk, both of flooding from the sea and flooding from the Saâne on the land side.
We also have the problem of cliff erosion," said Stéphane Costa, a University of Caen professor who has been studying the eroding coastline in Normandy for decades, in an interview with FRANCE 24.

"This will be further exacerbated by global warming.
Not only will the rise in sea level increase the risk of flooding, but it will also prevent the river from draining.
At the same time, more waves will hit the bottom of the cliffs and accelerate erosion," he explained.
"High tides and storms will also increase in number and intensity.”

An unprecedented project

In an attempt to work with the sea rather than against it, Quiberville is at the centre of a project that is unprecedented in France.
Instead of erecting barriers or walls to protect itself from the mounting waves, the town has decided to let the sea come in.
With the help of EU and French state funding, it has embarked on a major reorganisation that includes moving some houses in an attempt to adapt to the reality of living with global warming.

The village was once protected by a large road that acted as a dyke between the beach and the land with the river passing through a “nozzle”, a type of narrow funnel, to reach the sea.
The bottoms of the chalk cliffs were reinforced with concrete for several metres as a protection.
 
In Quiberville, a dyke road creates a boundary between sea and land.
© Cyrielle Cabot, France 24


From 2025 onwards, the nozzle will be replaced by a wide bridge.
This will make it easier for the river to reach the sea and, crucially, for the sea to flow into the land during high tide.

One main goal of this measure is to reduce flooding.
"This new channel will increase the flow of the river at low tide and therefore limit the risk of it flooding," Régis Leymarie, assistant director of the Conservatoire du Littoral group that is behind the project, explained to FRANCE 24.
"In the other direction, the sea will be able to penetrate the land in a controlled manner."

The second goal is that "creating points of contact between freshwater and seawater allows for an explosion of biodiversity", said Leymarie.
"This is going to restore spawning grounds for fish and nursery areas for birds.”

Since 2017, the Conservatoire du Littoral – a public organisation devoted to ensuring the protection of coastal areas and lake banks – has been working on the "flexible management of the coastline" at 10 different locations in France, with projects aimed at returning reclaimed land to the sea.
In the Bay of Lancieux in Brittany, for example, rather than repairing a dyke, the group aims to let water enter agricultural polders to create salt meadows.

From ‘resistance’ to ‘adaptation’

The new project marks a complete policy shift for Quiberville’s longtime mayor, Jean-François Bloc.
Since he became mayor 34 years ago, Bloc had one word in mind when people talked to him about rising waters: "Concrete”.

“It was always concrete, concrete and more concrete, to better resist," he explained to FRANCE 24.
But as the weather patterns changed, so did his approach.
"It took me a while, but I finally understood that we will not be able to keep going like we were indefinitely.”

The son of a local butcher, Bloc has witnessed the fragility of the area's existing systems on a number of occasions.
In 1977, a storm coincided with a very high tide to cause severe damage to the dyke.
Twenty-two years later it was the Saâne's turn to overflow, swollen by heavy rain that causing major flooding in 1999.

"I had to help people get out of their houses through the windows and deliver food to people in a dinghy,” he recalled.
Fading notices that show how high the water level reached during those floods are still posted on various buildings in the town.
"Every time there is a storm we rebuild, and we make it stronger," said Bloc.
"But as the water rises, and as the storms get stronger and stronger due to global warming, it's clear that this is not enough anymore.”

Walking along the dyke, there are clear signs to confirm Bloc’s conclusion.
In one place, a boulder has been forced off its axis.
"It was pushed by the waves during high tides," explained the mayor.
A little further, cracks have appeared the road.
"I have finally come to terms with all this.
We must no longer resist, we must accept the reality of this rising water and adapt ourselves to it," he said.
 
At Quiberville, the dyke is showing signs of weakness.
© Cyrielle Cabot, France 24


"With the rise in water levels predicted by scientists, the retreat inland will be unavoidable," agreed Costa.
"By protecting the coastline, we are only buying a little time.”

The Quiberville project is innovative and makes sense, according to Costa.
“It shows that by anticipating, we can put in place intelligent and attractive projects for the reorganisation of the territory," he said.

Campsite dilemma


A first step involves moving a municipal campsite located only a few steps from the sea, just behind the dyke road.
"In 1999, just after we had finished renovating it, it was completely destroyed.
The water reached 1.6 metres – the caravans were floating," said Bloc.
The campsite will be completely dismantled by 2024 and a new one will be built 700 metres higher up the cliffs of Quiberville.

Although he is convinced it is the right thing to do, the mayor does not hide his concern.
"This campsite is a very important part of our livelihood, it is one of our main sources of income and our main economic activity.
It alone represents eight jobs.
That's no mean feat for a village like ours," he explained.
"Some people have been coming to the campsite for over 50 years.
Obviously, for them, this is a difficult decision to accept.”

Discussing the site of the future campsite, Bloc manages a smile.
"But it is also an opportunity to renew ourselves.
The new campsite will be more modern, more geared toward motor homes.
There will be mobile homes, a swimming pool," he said.

Eroding cliffs

High up on the white chalk cliffs of Quiberville, the houses are also under threat as a result of erosion.
When asked about this problem, Bloc is much more defeatist.
"We can do all we want, we won't be able to do much more than slow down the process," he said dolefully.
"Erosion eats away about 40 centimetres of the cliffs every year," explained Costa.
"At the bottom, the waves hit the cliff and weaken it.
At the top, it's the pressure of urbanisation and rainwater infiltration that cause concern.”

Bloc has already had to ask three families to leave their homes for safety reasons; the last time in July 2020.
"Today, when someone comes to see me for a purchase project on the cliff, I don't lie.
I warn buyers that they will only be able to see a beautiful sunset for the next 20 or 30 years."

An imminent danger order was issued for this house, located a few steps from the cliff edge, in July 2020.
© Cyrielle Cabot, France 24


In total, around 40 houses in the department are at risk of collapsing under the pressure of erosion, according to 2020 estimates by the Centre for Studies and Expertise on Risks, the Environment, Mobility and Urban Planning (Cerema) and the Seine-Maritime Departmental Directorate of Territories and the Sea (DDTM).

What will Quiberville look like in 20, 30 or 50 years?
The cliffs will have significantly retreated but underneath will be "a beautiful natural space, where many tourists will come to stroll to observe migratory birds and enjoy the sea", Leymarie said optimistically.

Links :

Thursday, November 11, 2021

Don’t even try to read “Moby Dick” without this map

Had enough of 19th century whaling jargon?
This map might help you get through Moby Dick anyway.
(Credit: David Rumsey Map Collection)
 
From BigThink by Frank Jacobs
  • Moby Dick is a whale of a book — one of those near-impenetrable classics.
  • Perhaps this might help: the main action mapped out on the high seas.
  • The route is sprinkled with intriguing nuggets of information — and a spoiler.
Good luck with that one. 
(Credit: Stefanie Loos / re:publica, CC BY-SA 2.0)

Call me Ishmael?

Count me out.
Moby Dick is not just a book about a whale; it’s also a whale of a book.
Its 600-odd pages, divided into 135 chapters, are stuffed with detail, description, and digression, overly familiarizing the reader with the dead craft of catching cetaceans using nothing more than 19th century technology.

Herman Melville published his masterpiece in 1851, when human attention spans were not yet decimated by digital devices and watching paint dry still counted as a competitive sport.
In the 21st century, we might not have anything better to do than to attempt, for the fourth time, to read what has often been called the Great American Novel.
But we do have countless other things to do.
But wait, this might help: a map! (A map always helps.)

 
The Pequod’s voyage from start to finish.
(Credit: David Rumsey Map Collection)

On our fifth attempt, we will keep this geographic guide close.
Not only does it show the course of the Pequod, piloted by Captain Ahab in pursuit of the great white whale he knows as Moby Dick, but it also sprinkles alluring nuggets of information along the way, possibly enticing us this time to read beyond Chapter 32 (a dreary exposé on cetology).
Hear ye, hear ye: spoiler ahead!

The Pequod’s voyage starts top left, as it sets sail from Nantucket on Christmas Day.
The inset shows a strangely lit figure, performing “Queequeg’s ritual.” Don’t say you’re not intrigued!

Somewhere in the North Atlantic, “the harpooners drink to the death of Moby Dick,” and just south of there, they get their first sight of the beast: “Thar she blows!”
 
Mystery and superstition in the South Atlantic. 
(Credit: David Rumsey Map Collection)
 
Things take a few unexpected turns in the South Atlantic: “Fedallah and his yellow crew mysteriously appear” and “Starbuck’s boat is swamped.” There are also two fateful sightings: a spirit-spout and an albatross.
If you’re a superstitious sailor — and who wouldn’t be, floating in a wooden box that far from home — neither is good news.

Near Cape Town, somebody tells “The Town-Ho’s story.” 
This is further than I ever got.
Is this the book’s R-rated bit?
 
Racing the Jungfrau across the Indian Ocean.
(Credit: David Rumsey Map Collection)
 
Never mind!
As we turn into the Indian Ocean, there’s a giant squid!
And Stubb makes a kill!
And then another one! Meanwhile, somebody has a “Gam with the Jeroboam.” (A what with the what now?)

A bit higher on the intelligibility scale (and a bit further along the ocean), “The Pequod and Jungfrau whale boats race to the kill.” Americans fighting Germans?
Don’t mess this up, Melville! Starbuck (indeed he of subsequent coffeehouse fame) later gets his boat caught in a school of whales, and when entering the Indonesian archipelago, the Pequod meets the Rose-Bud.
 
 
Men overboard! Things get grim in the Pacific.
(Credit: David Rumsey Map Collection)

Misfortune multiplies as the Pequod enters the Pacific: Pip goes overboard, and so does a watchman.
There is an encounter with Capt.
Boomer of the Enderby, who “lost an arm to Moby Dick.” (Perhaps in a high-stakes poker game? Only one way to find out.) Queequeg ominously floats away in a “coffin canoe.” Fortunately, “Native girls danc(ing) aboard the Bachelor” (!) offer some light relief.

Things come to a head in the South Pacific: “Ahab refuses to help the Rachel” and “sights Moby Dick,” two events punctuated by a meeting with the incongruously named Delight.

The map ends as it started: with an inset.
Placed on the opposite, bottom-right side, it shows the dramatic three-day chase that closes the book.

On the first day, “Moby Dick chews Capt.
Ahab’s boat.” Score one for the whale.
On the second day, “Ahab’s boat is tossed.
The Parsee is lost.
Ahab’s ivory leg is broken.” Whale 2, Ahab 0.
On the third day, “Moby Dick sinks the Pequod,” and “Ishmael alone survives in the coffin canoe.” We have a winner!

Now, where is that map for Huckleberry Finn? Oh, here!
 
Spoiler alert: if it has fins, it wins. 
(Credit: David Rumsey Map Collection)

This pictorial map titled “The Voyage of the Pequod from the Book Moby Dick by Herman Melville” was produced in 1956 by Edward E. Henry for the Harris-Seybold Company in Cleveland, Ohio.
It can be found here at the David Rumsey Map Collection.

If audiobooks are more your thing, you might enjoy The Moby Dick Big Read, a chapter by chapter reading of Moby Dick by a wide range of celebrities major and minor, including Tilda Swinton, Sir David Attenborough, John Waters, Rick Stein, China Miéville, Benedict Cumberbatch, Will Self, David Cameron, and Stephen Fry.

 Links :