Tuesday, April 28, 2020

Life on lockdown : How months at sea prepared me for lockdown on land


From TechnologyReview by Rose George

My experiences hiding from pirates on the Indian Ocean helped when the loneliness of coronavirus self-isolation kicked in.
But there are still things I miss.

Ten years ago, I ran away to sea.
My stepfather, who had aggressive dementia, had been sent to a secure unit.
I had a book to write.
So once I felt sure enough about my mother’s safety, I departed for 9,288 nautical miles on a container ship, the Maersk Kendal.

Its journey from Europe to Asia would take five weeks, and I would be the only passenger.
This was no cruise ship: there would be no organized entertainment, fancy restaurants, or on-board cinema.
And back in 2010, there was no Wi-Fi, no TV, and only dial-up emails sent once a day through the captain’s account, plus an expensive satellite phone that I used once to check that my mother was okay.
What, my friends said, would I do?
How would I fill all that time?

Today, I am marooned in my house because of coronavirus.
This is only the second time I have had my freedom truly restricted.
Perhaps the first experience has trained me for the second?

My friends thought endless days at sea meant inevitable loneliness and isolation; I thought it meant escape.
I’d lugged books with me and I had work to do.
Besides, I had company.
There would be 21 crew members on board the ship too, although I couldn’t know how they would accept me, nor whether I would feel safe.

The first day was a bad portent: left alone for hours, I wandered the ship and wondered where everyone was (they were busy, it turns out, as they always are in port).
The chilly welcome was made worse by dinner, where no one spoke.
My attempts at conversation sank like a dying whale, and I returned to my cabin in a state of unease.
If it was going to be like this, I wasn’t sure I’d last a week.

Throughout history, plenty of sailors have gone mad at sea.
Even now, 2,000 seafarers a year die or are killed; the number of those that are suicides is unclear.
Compared with some, this was a good ship, with a small library (mostly trash fiction), a small gym with room for a treadmill, bike, and rowing machine, and two lounges with a Wii-outfitted TV and karaoke.
But what it lacked was socializing.
There was no bar and no alcohol allowed.
A basketball hoop on the poop deck was unused; so was a rusty oil drum barbecue, placed uninvitingly under the constant groaning of the refrigerated containers.
The tiny swimming pool had been empty for years.
After dinner, the crew retreated to their cabins.
The lounges stayed mostly empty: only once did I hear some karaoke song by Journey that traveled up the stairwell.
The captain reminisced about the old days, when they rigged up a sheet and watched films together on the deck.
No more: now the crew had laptops and loneliness.

Humans who don’t need contact are rare.
We thrive on company: loneliness and social isolation produce higher rates of morbidity and mortality.
Recent research suggests that social isolation raises the chance of an earlier death by nearly 30%, and living alone increases it by 32%.
A ship used to be an unusual place: perhaps only spaceships and submarines were similar, in that they must serve as home, work, and leisure space.
But now we all are stuck in a space that must be everything, with infrequent relief; space that, no matter how big, is narrowing with each passing day.

On board, I chafed at first.
I missed the internet, the immediacy of its answers and the connection.
When we called into a port, I rushed ashore not just to fetch necessities, but also simply to be somewhere else, to be on land that didn’t move.
By the third week, I had been institutionalized: I cared more about nautical charts than my emails.
Eventually I made friends.
The chilly captain I’d met on arrival was replaced by a charming, chatty one with whom I’m still friends.
Sometimes we stood on the bridge wings, outside the wheelhouse, just to look at the sea.
There was nothing there but water, and that was fine.

I welcomed this restricted life.
There was a purity to the removal of choice that felt relaxing.
But it was finite.
I didn’t have the grueling hard labor of the crew, nor the tiring watches of the officers, nor their multi-month contracts to serve at sea.
Because of the nature of modern ships, where crews are constantly changed, it is easy to experience isolation in company.
Seafarers’ social relations, academics have written, “are experienced as a series of discontinuous encounters.” The Filipino crew called their job “dollar for homesickness” or “prison with a salary.”Isolation, whether social or physical, makes the body pay.
It raises cortisol levels and leads to chronic inflammation, which is linked to heart trouble and cancer.
The ship changed my body, but it was the relentless thrumming of the engine at night that shook my mind asunder.
I woke every morning after dreams of such violence I had to shake them free like sand.

The hardest period was a week of pirate lockdown when we were passing through the Indian Ocean.
I could no longer walk on deck to the fo’c’sle and lean over and watch the bulbous bow slicing through water.
All windows had blackout blinds at night.
Suddenly I missed fresh air and the freedom to open a door and go outside, even if outside was a metal deck.

For now, stuck at home in a pandemic, I still have outside.
Here in Britain we are permitted outdoor exercise once a day, and tending to vegetable gardens is also allowed.
I have every technological communication tool at my disposal and am far better connected than I was at sea.
But there is one deprivation that hits me hard, and I recognize it.
After several weeks at sea, I missed land.
Not the land of quays and ugly port concrete, but the hills and wild country of Yorkshire.
A wildness different from the ocean.
To run through moorland heather; to pelt down sliding scree.
To be somewhere that didn’t sound like a ship engine, relentless.

Many years after learning to run on the treadmill at the gym, I became a hill runner.
Until last week, I’d spent almost every weekend of the last few years racing in beautiful wild country.
That is now forbidden for those of us who do not live at the foot of moors or mountains, and people who drive to the countryside to walk are now policed by sinister drones and shamed on social media.

Still my serenity is so far intact, but I know that won’t last.
When it burns out, I will remember my lesson from pirate week, when my fresh air was removed and time stretched so slowly: This will end.
We will reach the safe zone on the other side—at the end of pirate waters on the south coast of Oman, or in several months’ time—and I will disembark and open the door and head for the hills.

Links :

Monday, April 27, 2020

Will anyone ever find Shackleton's lost ship?

The Endurance's ill-fated voyage marked the end of the "heroic age" of Antarctic exploration
image : F. Hurley/SPRI

From BBC by Jonathan Amos

It's going to take a monumental effort to locate the iconic ship of Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton.

This is the conclusion of scientists who tried and failed last year to find the Endurance, which sank in 3,000m of water in the Weddell Sea in 1915.

The team says the sea-ice in the area above the wreck site is nearly always thick and extensive.

It means most expeditions would struggle even to get close enough to begin a search.

The Weddell Sea Expedition 2019 did amazingly well, reaching the recognised wreck location and launching an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to survey the ocean floor.

But this robot broke communications with the expedition research vessel, SA Agulhas II, some 20 hours into its mapping operation and was never seen again.

What it might have detected, we'll never know.
Encroaching sea-ice forced the team to abandon its AUV and to vacate the area.

Image copyright J. Dowdeswell/SPRI
An AUV was launched to look for Endurance, but it was lost under the sea-ice

The expedition scientists have now written up an assessment of the local conditions in this unforgiving sector of the Antarctic.
They've also provided some advice for anyone else who might want to search for Shackleton's polar yacht.

"To finally locate the Endurance on the seafloor would require favourable sea-ice conditions in the central western Weddell Sea, including the presence of wide (open water) leads," said Dr Christine Batchelor from the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) in Cambridge, UK.
"In addition, a two-ship operation may be needed to break ice and successfully launch and recover an autonomous underwater vehicle," she told BBC News.

Shackleton's story is one of the most extraordinary tales from the "heroic age" of Antarctic exploration.

Trapped in sea-ice for over 10 months, his Endurance ship drifted around the Weddell Sea until ultimately it was crushed by the floes and dropped to the deep.
How Shackleton and his men then made their escape on foot and in lifeboats is the stuff of legend.

Where the Endurance went down is well known; the ship's captain Frank Worsley logged the position using a sextant and a theodolite.
But reaching this part of the Weddell Sea, just east of the Larsen ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula, is extremely difficult, even for modern ice-breakers.

Prof Julian Dowdeswell: "Sea-ice conditions probably haven't changed much since Shackleton's day"

The 2019 team used satellite data to appraise the concentration of sea-ice at the wreck site from 2002 to the present.
The group shows that in 14 of the 18 years assessed, the conditions were "bad".
The nearest open water could be 200km or more away.

One of the "good" years was 2002, which allowed the German research vessel Polarstern to make a very close pass and conduct some limited mapping (echosounding) of the seafloor.
The resolution was never going to be sharp enough to detect the Endurance but it has yielded interesting insights into the nature of the ocean bed - with encouraging implications for the likely state of the wreck.

Endurance is probably lying on flat terrain that has been undisturbed either by erosion or by underwater landslides.
Sediment deposition is also expected to be low, at a rate of less than 1mm a year.

"So, it's not going to be covered by sediment," said Prof Julian Dowdeswell, the director of the SPRI.

"It's not going to be damaged by something coming in from the side.
And at 3,000m, it's way below the maximum depth of any iceberg keel.
Glaciologically and geophysically - Endurance should be unharmed."

This all augurs well for future attempts to find what is among the most famous of all wrecks.
Image copyright J. Dowdeswell/SPRI
Image caption SA Agulhas II: A future search is going to need more than one large polar research vessel

It's certainly right at the top of the list of targets for David Mearns, whose expertise in finding lost ships is world-renowned.

He commented: "It is a shame the 2019 search failed in their attempt to locate Endurance's wreck as they had the best ice conditions seen in the past 17 years.

"This proves my long-held contention that a 'single-ship' expedition is too risky, even with good ice conditions, and that the key to finding Endurance lies in a different approach," he told BBC News.

Prof Dowdeswell is pessimistic that anyone would fund a mission with the sole objective of locating the Endurance.

Most future efforts, he believes, will be "add-ons" to more broader scientific expeditions to the region - as was the case with his venture last year which had the primary objective of studying the melting and retreat of the Larsen ice shelves.

"Yes, you want AUVs and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to search for, and to photograph, the wreck, but it's a great opportunity to use those state-of-the-art vehicles in order to do science; and there is no doubt that we wouldn't have done as much science without those pieces of kit on board, and we wouldn't have had that equipment on board unless we were looking for Shackleton's Endurance.
It was a balance between exploration and science," he said.

Links :

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Sea gypsies : The far side of the world


full movie courtesy of V&V

This is a story of escaping modern civilization and living life as a Sea Gypsy, itinerant explorers and wanderers of the wild oceans.
One year of exploring some of the last great wild lands, the remote islands of the South Pacific, the icy fingers of Antarctica and the isolated fjords of Patagonia.
Our mode of transport and home is Infinity, a 120ft sailing Katch made of reinforced ferro cement, tough stuff.
Think of a bunker, that due to the miracle of water displacement, floats.
She is the home of Capt. Clemens Gabriel, his girlfriend Sage and their two daughters Rhianne (born in Fiji) and Chloe (born in Thailand), Infinity Expedition is also the home away from home for an ever-changing cast of characters, the sea tribe.
The tribe is a patchwork of eccentric peoples from around the globe, a community formed through shared experience. Infinity is a magnet for restless searchers.
Drawn primarily by word of mouth, they represent all ages and nationalities and bring with them a variety of life experience: from professional sailors to gap year college kids, itinerant wanderers to NASA rocket scientists. Some join at one island and leave at the next, some stay for years.
This is not a cruise though, there are no guests, only crew and everyone works… except the babies.
Filmed on magic lantern RAW hack, pirate software for a pirate boat.

Saturday, April 25, 2020

Robots in the Abyss: 30 years of research on the abyssal plain provides clues to climate change

The flat, muddy deep ocean floor—known as the abyssal plain—is one of the largest and least known habitats on this planet.
It covers more than 50 percent of Earth’s surface and plays a critical role in the carbon cycle.
For 30 years, MBARI Senior Scientist Ken Smith and his colleagues have studied deep-sea communities at a research site called Station M, located 4,000 meters (2.5 miles) below the ocean’s surface and 291 kilometers (181 miles) off the coast of Santa Barbara, California.
Doing deep-sea research is incredibly challenging, time-consuming, and sometimes dangerous.
For this reason, MBARI strives to build and deploy robots that help scientists better understand the changes taking place in our ocean.
At Station M, Smith and his colleagues rely upon satellites, bottom trawls, human-occupied vehicles such as Alvin, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), a seafloor rover, seafloor landers, coring devices, fish traps, sediment traps, respirometers (which measure oxygen consumption), current meters, and time-lapse cameras to study abyssal ecosystems.
Over the past 30 years, Smith and his team have constructed a truly unique underwater lab that operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for a full year without servicing.
Building a robot lab is challenging under normal circumstances, imagine doing it 4,000 meters underwater!
The results of their research have dramatically changed marine biologists’ perceptions of life in the deep sea and our understanding of climate change.
Data collected at Station M show that the deep sea is far from static—physical conditions and biological communities can change dramatically over timescales ranging from days to decades. Ultimately, this work highlights that persistent, long-term, time-series observations are critical for furthering our understanding of carbon cycling between the surface waters and the deep sea.
With more companies looking to extract resources from the abyssal plain, these data also give scientists valuable insights into “baseline conditions” in deep-sea areas now under consideration for industrial development or deep-sea mining.

Friday, April 24, 2020

x9 new layers based on Imray material added in the GeoGarage platform

1675 new nautical raster charts added (including Greece-Turkey-EastCaribbean)