USA NOAA update in the Marine GeoGarage

1019 charts (Edition 05/29/2010) have been updated in the Marine GeoGarage.

Note : to see the updates for each NOAA chart, don't forget to visit :

• the Notice to Mariners
  
• the paper and raster nautical chart catalogue
• the Coast Pilot
  

Summer Sailstice : imagine... the whole world sailing June 19, 2010

Summer Sailstice is a global holiday celebrating sailing held annually on the Saturday closest to the summer solstice, the longest sailing days of the year.

Its easy to participate in Summer Sailstice and its free!
Summer Sailstice participants simply register, go sailing and automatically become eligible to win one of over 400 prizes from our supporters, from a yacht charter with The Moorings to sailing gear from your favorite marine suppliers.

Just sign up here to join the thousands of sailors around the world planning to sail on June19th!

Visit Sailstice Tales to see stories of Sailstice events from around the world in 2009.

Our online community at SummerSailstice.com allows you to quickly find others to join your crew for a raft up at a favorite sailing destination or create a sailboat party out on the water to celebrate the beginning of the summer sailing season ahead.
No rules, no fees, no start time and no excuses not to go out and have fun!
If you like to relax in the sailing lifestyle, compete in the sport of sailing or cruise the seven seas , Summer Sailstice applauds your desire to be out on the water under sail!

Summer Sailstice was founded in February 2001 by John Arndt, as the global, annual celebration of sailing held on the summer solstice.

The annual Summer Sailstice sailing event is free to all participants and has grown from 200 boats signed up in 2001 to well over 2,000 boats today. Since many sailors join in the fun on boats signing up, the actual number of Summer Sailstice sailors participating is estimated at almost 10,000 annually.
Spread the word about Summer Sailstice by inviting your friends.

In joining with Sailors for the Sea, Summer Sailstice strives to inform and mobilize sailors, their families and communities to enjoy and conserve the beauty of the oceans and while raising awareness of human impacts on the fragile marine environment and wildlife.
Sailors for the Sea is a nonprofit organization that educates and empowers the boating community to protect and restore our oceans and coastal waters.

Links :

• BlooSee : join the Summer Sailstice BlooSee group and share your sailing plans, comments and photos (Bloosee is a sea-lovers community where you can share geolocated information -infopoints or POI- about the ocean).
  

Noise pollution could frustrate fish

Graph of frequencies used by marine animals and generated by human activity

From Wired (By Brandon Keim)

After years of growing concern about the effects of marine noise on whales, scientists are finally asking what noise could do to fish. Whether they’re harmed isn’t yet known, but it’s certainly a possibility.

The oceans are an increasingly clamorous place, with boat motors and sonar and explosions and construction creating a din at frequencies used by fish.

“If you’re walking down the street and someone is jackhammering, you walk across the street and go around. What happens to a fish?” said University of Maryland aquatic noise specialist Arthur Popper. “How fish respond to sound is the big question for all of us.”

Popper co-authored a review of the field’s patchy, question-filled literature in the June Trends in Ecology and Evolution, marking a shift in thinking about ocean noise.

Until recently, researchers and environmentalists who thought at all about aquatic noise were focused on marine mammals and especially whales, which can be debilitated by sonar and engine noise. But the world’s 21,000 fish species also rely on sound. Many use it to communicate, and almost all rely on acoustics to navigate a dark, often turbid world.

What Jacques Cousteau called “The Silent World” is actually full of natural noise, from fish calls to the sound of their bodies moving through water. To that natural din, human activity has added roughly 10 decibels of ambient commotion in the last half-century. At construction sites for offshore oil platforms, wind farms and river bridges, where explosions and pile drivers can hit 250 decibels repeatedly for months or years on end, the noise is even more intense.

All this has concerned researchers like Popper, who warn that scientists simply don’t know how fish respond.

“It might be that fish are well-adapted to noise. Maybe it’s not a problem. We don’t know,” said Rob McCauley, a marine biologist at Australia’s Curtin University of Technology. “The work that’s been done has only scratched the surface.”

Studies on the effects of noise in terrestrial animals may provide some guide for what’s happening to fish. In some bird species, traffic noise that overlaps with song frequencies has been linked to drops in population diversity and density, and seems to reduce reproductive rates. The same appears to happen with frogs. Those findings don’t necessarily apply directly to fish, but they’re suggestive.

As for the fish themselves, studies are mixed. Tuna appear disoriented by boat noise, while some reef fish stay in their homes during and after massive air gun blasts. In some species, ship noise seems to increase production of cortisol — a stress hormone with damaging long-term effects — and harm eggs and larva. Another study, however, found no evidence of harm.

“If fish are swimming up the Potomac, and get to a construction site for the Woodrow Wilson bridge, do they go around it? Swim back to where they come from? Stop? This is a question for all of us,” said Popper.

Research is hindered by the different qualities of various types of underwater noise noise, as well as the variability of fish species, he said. It’s also hard to study fish behavior. “The best method would be to put transmitters in the fish, have receivers all over the place, and keep track of every fish” in a specific area, said Popper. Nobody has yet accomplished such a complicated task, though that’s a result not just of technical difficulties, but lagging scientific curiosity.

“The first thing we need to appreciate is that sound is extremely important to the lives of fish,” McCauley said.

Image: 1) Test tank of fish exposed to high-intensity sonar./Arthur Popper. 2) Graph of frequencies used by marine animals and generated by human activity./Trends in Ecology & Evolution.

Links :

• Wired : what it sounds like to be a whale
• Wired : warmer oceans are louder oceans, say scientists
• Wired : a listening party for nature

Citation: “A noisy spring: the impact of globally rising underwater sound levels on fish.” By Hans Slabbekoorn, Niels Bouton, Ilse van Opzeeland, Aukje Coers, Carel ten Cate, and Arthur N. Popper. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 25 Issue 6, June 2010.

Rowing across an endangered ocean

TED Roz Savage conference

From CNN

World Oceans Day, June 8, arrives this year at a time when people are especially focused on the safety of waters threatened by the Gulf oil disaster. Yet it is also a time when more people are committing to work to preserve the oceans than ever before.

Among them is Roz Savage, who last week completed the third and final leg of her effort to row across the Pacific Ocean.

Savage was one of dozens who took part in the Mission Blue cruise in April, organized by the nonprofit group TED to develop a strategy to save the oceans.
The Mission Blue Voyage was a product of undersea explorer Sylvia Earle's 2009 TED Prize wish "to ignite public support for a global network of Marine Protected Areas, hope spots large enough ... to restore the blue heart of the planet."
The Galapagos cruise attracted leading scientists and celebrities and resulted in $15 million in pledges to protect the seas and advocate for new policies.
In her talk on the Mission Blue cruise, taped before the final leg of her Pacific journey, Savage estimated that her trip across that ocean required more than 8,000 miles of rowing, spending 312 days on her own in a 23-foot rowboat. Savage is the first woman to row solo across the Pacific, from the West Coast of the United States to Papua New Guinea. (Maud Fontenoy rowed a shorter route from Peru to Polynesia in 2005.)

Once a management consultant based in London, England, Savage says she knew from day one that the career wasn't right for her. But she didn't get serious about making a change until she was in her mid-30s.
"I sat down one day and wrote two versions of my own obituary, the one that I wanted, a life of adventure, and the one that I was actually heading for which was a nice, normal, pleasant life, but it wasn't where I wanted to be by the end of my life."

She wound up competing in the Atlantic Ocean rowing race, from the Canary Islands to Antigua, a 3,000-mile run."
Sure, I had wanted to get outside of my comfort zone, but what I'd sort of failed to notice was that getting out of your comfort zone is, by definition, extremely uncomfortable. And my timing was not great either -- 2005, when I did the Atlantic, was the year of Hurricane Katrina. There were more tropical storms in the North Atlantic than ever before, since records began. And pretty early on those storms started making their presence known."
All four of her oars broke before she reached the halfway mark -- and Savage was forced to improvise using a boat hook and other equipment on the boat.

In her talk making the wish, Earle pointed out that in the past 50 years, 90 percent of the big fish in the oceans have been consumed and nearly half of the ocean's coral reefs have disappeared.
Less than 1 percent of the ocean is protected from destructive fishing, and Earle believes the seas will go into irreversible decline unless a much larger portion -- some experts say as much as 30 percent -- is protected.
Earle said the world needs to act swiftly to protect what she calls "the blue heart of the planet that basically keeps us alive."

In Savage's view, the environmental problems the world faces don't result from the big incidents such as the Exxon Valdez or the Gulf oil disaster. "Mostly it's been an accumulation of bad decisions by billions of individuals day after day and year after year. And, by the same token, we can turn that tide. We can start making better, wiser, more sustainable decisions. And when we do that, we're not just one person. Anything that we do spreads ripples.

"Other people will see, if you're in the supermarket line and you pull out your reusable grocery bag. Maybe if we all start doing this, we can make it socially unacceptable to say yes to plastic in the check-out line. That's just one example."

Savage's first effort to cross the Pacific ended in failure in 2007 when her boat capsized three times in 24 hours and she was rescued -- against her wishes. The next year, she completed the first leg, to Hawaii, but only after nearly running out of water.
She managed to meet up with the crew of the "Junk Raft", a boat made mostly of plastic water bottles that Savage said was built to call attention to "the North Pacific garbage patch, that area in the North Pacific about twice the size of Texas, with an estimated 3.5 million tons of trash in it, circulating at the center of that North Pacific Gyre."
Earlier on that voyage, Savage said, the crew had caught a mahi mahi and found that its stomach was full of plastic.

Savage wrote this post for CNN.com after her Pacific journey was completed (she arrived in Madang, Papua New Guinea, at 8am local time, June 4) :
In the couple of months since this TEDTalk was recorded, I have rowed 2,000 miles from Kiribati to Papua New Guinea in the third and final stage of my Pacific crossing, becoming the first woman to row solo all the way across the Pacific.
During those two months the ocean has suffered new assaults -- notably the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, but also smaller insults, as I have witnessed with my own eyes. On a beautiful calm day, with sunlight glinting off the waves, it is heartbreaking to see a plastic bottle floating on the water. Even thousands of miles from land, the ocean wilderness is no longer pristine.
Mankind's impact is felt everywhere. When I have been alone for a long time at sea -- sometimes over a hundred days without seeing another human -- this evidence of our carelessness is especially jarring. There are times when I feel ashamed to be a human being, and feel obliged to apologize to the small community of fish that congregate beneath my boat for the mess we have made of their home.
And it doesn't impact just the fish. Oceans cover 71 percent of the Earth, and are an integral part of our weather systems, climate control, and food supply. How can we have a healthy planet -- or healthy bodies -- if we don't have healthy oceans?
I row across oceans to inspire people to take action on environmental issues. Something the ocean has taught me is that any challenge, no matter how huge, can be tackled if you break it down into little steps. Crossing the Pacific has taken me about 2.5 million oar strokes. One stroke doesn't get me very far, but you take all those tiny actions and you string them all together and you get across 8,000 miles of ocean. You can achieve almost anything, if you just take it one stroke at a time.
And it's the same with saving the oceans. On a day like Oceans Day, when we feel part of a huge global community, it's easy to believe we can change the world. But there will be other days when maybe we feel alone, and that anything we do as individuals won't really make a difference -- that it's just a drop in the ocean.
But every action counts. We all have it in our power to make a difference. In fact, we're already making a difference -- it's just up to us to decide if it's a good one or a bad one. Every time we say no to a plastic bag or refuse to drink bottled water, it matters.
If I can row 8,000 miles to make a point about the state of our oceans, then you can do your part too.
Start by going to http://ecoheroes.me and log a single green deed that you are going to do today, Oceans Day, to help save our seas. We have a lot of work to do, but the longest journey starts with a single step -- or oarstroke.

Links :

• Roz's blog / Roz tracker map
  
• CNET : Roz Savage finishes historic solo row across Pacific
• Telegraph : British woman becomes first to row solo across the Pacific Ocean
  

Sailing ships could capture energy

Presentation of sailing yacht powered with fuel cell

From NewScientist

Sailing ships could effectively harvest energy from the wind blowing over the vast tracts of ocean too far from the shore for wind turbines, claimed a scheme unveiled last month, according to a story being reported from London.
The ships would turn wind power into hydrogen, which would be stored on board, to be unloaded later and will eventually be used to generate electricity, according to the Asian News Service.

The idea is the brainchild of Max Platzer and Nesrin Sarigul-Klijn at UC Davis.

"Our proposal makes ocean wind energy available for exploitation -- a huge energy reservoir because the oceans cover 70 per cent of the globe," New Scientist quoted Platzer as saying.
It "offers the opportunity to make a decisive contribution to the solution of the energy and climate crisis," he added.

The ships would tow hydropower generators consisting of two wing-like underwater blades that would be made to oscillate by the force of the water as they plough through it.
This motion would turn a crankshaft connected to a generator.
The electricity this produces could then be used to split seawater into hydrogen and oxygen.

Sailing ships can reach speeds of up to 25 knots (46 kilometres per hour).
A ship with 400 square metres of sail, operating in a moderate force 4 breeze of 15 metres per second, could generate up to 100 kilowatts of electrical power, Platzer and Sarigul-Klijn calculate.
They also say it should be possible to build larger ships capable of generating up to 1 megawatt.
With enough ships, the energy needs for the entire planet could be met this way, said Platzer.

"Obviously, this is a roundabout way of generating electricity instead of converting wind or water flow energy directly into electricity using stationary windmills or hydroturbines," said Platzer.
This will clearly lead to some losses, but he calculates that the electricity can be converted into hydrogen and back again with about 30 per cent efficiency. Concentrated energy.

Extracting energy from flow of water rather than directly from air has advantages, as the power density is much higher.
Platzer said that the water flow through the underwater generator has a power density of 36 kilowatts per square metre - far more than the 1.2 kilowatts per square metre typical of air blowing through a rotating wind turbine.
The more concentrated energy means that the equipment needed to harvest it can be smaller.

The researchers presented their paper at an American Society of Mechanical Engineers energy sustainability conference in Phoenix, Ariz.

Links :

• SailingWorld : Yacht designers prepare for fossil-fuel-free future (Organik / Supernova yachts)
• Hydrogen ship
• Independance Green Yachts
  
• Zero CO2 project